Appellate Court: A court that hears appeals from lower courts and has the authority to review and overturn decisions.

Bail: The temporary release of an accused person awaiting trial, sometimes subject to certain conditions.

Civil Law: The body of law that deals with disputes between individuals or organizations, typically concerning issues like contracts, property, and family law.

Defendant: The party being accused or sued in a criminal or civil case.

Evidence: Any type of proof presented in court to support the case of one party or another.

Foreclosure: The legal process by which a lender takes control of a property when the borrower fails to make payments as agreed.

Habeas Corpus: A legal principle that protects individuals from being held in custody without a fair trial.

Indictment: A formal accusation that a person has committed a crime, typically issued by a grand jury.

Jurisdiction: The authority of a court to hear and decide a case.

Litigation: The process of taking legal action through the court system.

Mitigating Circumstances: Factors that may reduce the severity of a sentence in a criminal case.

Plaintiff: The party who initiates a lawsuit in civil court.

Quid Pro Quo: Something that is given or received in return for something else, typically in the context of a favor or advantage.

Statute of Limitations: The time limit within which a legal action must be taken.

Tort: A wrongful act or infringement of a right leading to civil legal liability.